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c. 1781 – 1850
Critical Philosophy
Kant's Copernican revolution placed the structure of the mind — not the world — at the centre of epistemology. By synthesising rationalist and empiricist insights, he showed that the mind actively constitutes experience through a priori categories. This tradition shaped German Idealism and set the agenda for all subsequent philosophy.
Core Ideas
The mind constitutes experience through pure intuitions (space, time) and categories
We can know phenomena only — never things-in-themselves (noumena)
The Categorical Imperative: act only on maxims universalisable for all rational beings
Reason overreaches when it claims theoretical knowledge of God, freedom, or immortality
Received From
Passed Forward
